Get Involved - has information about a number of ways that you can learn about and join efforts to end hunger: through donations, volunteer work, advocacy, public education, or a unique community-based method of finding and linking the unique skills of local community residents (Asset-Based Community Development).

Hunger Hits Home: Revisited in 1992

An Updated Report

Prepared by the
Sacramento City /County Hunger Commission
A Program of the
Community Services Planning Council, Inc.

Sacramento, CA
April 1992

Mona Mansfield, Chair
Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission

Lakshmi Sreenivasan, Chair
Hunger Hits Home Update Task Force
Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission

Linda Burkholder, Program Manager
Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission

Sanda Sriro, Planning Assistant
Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission

Nancy Findeisen, Executive Director
Community Services Planning Council, Inc.

Copyright 1992 by the
Community Services Planning Council, Inc.
909 12th Street, Suite 200
Sacramento, CA 95814
(916) 447 -7063

Introduction

Between 1990 and 1991 Sacramento has experienced an explosion in the demand for food assistance at local food closets and soup kitchens. Almost without exception agencies which feed our hungry neighbors are reporting 30 percent or greater increases in their volume of "business." One network of local food closets documented serving 77,085 people in October 1991, an increase of 80 percent over October of 1990. Another food closet presented figures showing a 150 percent increase in demand, resulting in service to 40,000 people in October 1991. Because these two agencies share a computerized client data base, these statistics are relatively nonduplicative, meaning the agencies screen to avoid counting multiple visits by the same people.

Demand at emergency food proqrams is not the only indicator that hunger is threatening more and more Sacramentans. The largest local school district reported a 10 percent increase in the number of school lunches served during this school year compared to last. Also, participation in the food stamp proqram has reached an all- time high, both nationally and at the local level. The USDA, which manages the nation' s food stamp proqram, recently reported that 25 million, or one in every ten people in the U.S. is receiving food stamps.

Hunger is not a new condition in Sacramento. In 1989, the community Services Planning Council published a report entitled Hunger Hits Home. This landmark publication documented the existence of hunger in our community. Furthermore, the authors of Hunger Hits Home called for the creation of a local commission which would be responsible for assisting the community to more effectively fight hunger.

In January 1990 the Sacramento City/County Hunger commission was created by the Sacramento City council and county Board of supervisors to fulfill its charge as defined in Hunger Hits Home. The achievements of the Hunger commission in this regard are highlighted in the section of this report entitled "Successful steps to Fight Hunger In Sacramento."

This document also updates much of the data contained in the original report. The information provided in this publication was collected over the past year by the staff, volunteers and colleagues of the Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission. This analysis of recent and current trends in various hunger indicators and food assistance proqrams illustrates a critical need for continued coordinated efforts to fight hunger in Sacramento.

The sections of this report are outlined in the Table of Contents. Although based on information in Hunger Hits Home, this publication does not duplicate the methodology or format of that report. The Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission presents this document as a tool for those interested in exploring and confronting hunger and inadequate food access issues in our community.

Acknowledgements

SubtitleThe Sacramento city/county Hunger Commission wishes to thank the following for their invaluable assistance in preparing this report:

Client Surveys Interview Team

Special thanks to Lakshmi Sreenivasan, Sacramento County's acting Home Economist for U.C. Cooperative Extension, for training and coordinating this interview team.

Team members included:

Also assisting with interviews were the following staff members of the Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission:

Agencies and Programs Which Provided Information

Technical Assistance in the Creation of this Report

Original Artwork For Cover: produced by Marquez-Hardy Design

Methodology

The original client survey instrument utilized in the study which resulted in the Hunger Hits Home report was adapted and abbreviated for the purposes of this updating study. The interviewers were recruited from the membership of the Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission, and included associates and staff of the Commission. The interviewers were provided with training in interviewing techniques and in the use of the questionnaire.

Surveys were administered to approximately 45 clients, with the feedback from 44 being used in the tabulation of the reported responses; at least one respondent was determined by the interviewer to be incompetent to make valid responses, and that survey was not used in the analysis.

A sampling technique, which included consideration of site location, size and type of service, and general characteristics of clients served at the site, was used to select the following target sites for client interviews:

Interviewers were asked to complete surveys with at least seven clients at each site. Some were successful in exceeding that number which is why this report reflects the responses of 44 clients despite one interviewer's difficulty in surveying one site.

It should be noted that:

• An interviewer attempted, on several different occasions, to complete interviews at South Sacramento Ecumenical Parish, but was unsuccessful in doing so; therefore, clients residing in the south area of the county may have been underrepresented in the survey process.
• It was widely believed that, during the original study conducted for Hunger Hits Home, Spanish-speaking food closet clients were under-represented in the survey; therefore, special effort was made to secure feedback from Spanish-speaking clients by including Centro Guadalupe Food Closet in the survey process.
• As the preceeding statement indicates, interviewees did not represent a true random sample, but rather reflect the overall client population of food sites. The selected sites are representative of different types of emergency food programs operating in the county.
• In most cases, clients were approached by the interviewer, and this was accomplished on a random basis; however, it should be noted that at Loaves and Fishes, according to agency policies, the respondents were approached by program staff and asked if they would be willing to respond to a survey; also, at Women's Civic Improvement Center, respondents were selected by the interviewer in an effort to receive feedback from a multi-culturally diverse sample.

The data collected from the 44 respondents by the interviewers were hand-tabulated by a student intern assigned to the office of the Home Economist of Sacramento county's Cooperative Extension Branch.
The findings of the intern were reviewed by the writers of this
report.

The information reported from the various emergency food agencies was gathered over the course of several months by various means. For example, the participation data provided by the Sacramento Food Bank and Central Downtown Food Closet were in turn provided to the Hunger Commission by the Human Services Information system of CSPC. Other agency data were received during brief site visits with individual agencies conducted by VISTA volunteers in the spring of 1991.

The data received from the aqencies providing emergency food in the community was accepted as received and not verified.

Federal food program statistics were collected by the Hunger Commission directly from the agencies which are responsible for providing or monitoring the statistics.

In conclusion, the sampling of clients interviewed was approximately one quarter the size of the client sample used in the first study (44 compared to 173). This updated study was not an attempt to duplicate the original, which required several years to complete. However, it is the position of the producers of this report that the data contained within it indicates significant and challenging factors for the local community's efforts to address hunger.

Survey Results From People Receiving Emergency Food Assistance

Families with children continue to be the hardest hit by hunqer in our community.

The majority of people (80 percent) receiving emergency food assistance were families with children. Almost 40 percent of these. families were headed by two parents.

Of the children receiving food assistance, four out of five (79 percent) were under the age of twelve. Sixteen percent were infants under one year and 30 percent were children between the ages of one and five. Young families represented a large portion of those requesting emergency food assistance. Two out of five respondents were between 19 and 30 years of age. The over-55 year age group represented seven percent of those surveyed.

Equal opportunity applies to hunger in our community and crosses all ethnic groups.

Whites represented 36 percent of those interviewed for this report. Hispanics comprised 30 percent of the recent respondents, while African Americans constituted 25 percent of those surveyed. It should be noted that an unrecorded number of Eastern Europeans were approached for interviews but were unable to respond because of language barriers. Please review the methodoloqy section of this report to find information about site selection, and the numbers of clients interviewed.

People receivinq emerqency food assistance live in Sacramento, and the majority pay rent.
Of the people interviewed, half had lived in Sacramento County for five years or more, and all described themselves as Sacramento County residents.

Renters or homeowners made up four of every five (81 percent) of the people surveyed. Five percent were homeowners, 70 percent rented a house, apartment or mobile home, and two percent rented a
single room with a kitchen. The remaining 20 percent reported themselves as homeless, living in a shelter, staying in a hotel or living with a friend or family member. The average rent paid by respondents was $501 per month.

Income levels for those receiving emergency food assistance were usually below the national standards used to determine financial hardship and/or poverty.

Although many of the people surveyed received public assistance and/or food stamps, they still found it necessary to request assistance at emergency food sites. Only one of the people interviewed reported receiving child support, even though 43 percent of those interviewed were single parents.

According to the data collected, the average size of the families responding to the survey was 3.4 persons. The federal poverty guideline for a family of three is $11,140 and for a family of four, $13,400. The average income for surveyed families of three and four members was $11,426, showing that, in general, the families interviewed while requesting food assistance had incomes below the federal poverty standards. Overall, three out of five of all people surveyed lived at or below the income level used by the federal government to determine poverty.

Emergency food assistance programs are evolving into routine food assistance agencies in our community.

While 55 percent of those surveyed five years ago were requesting assistance for the first time, only 26 percent of the recent respondents were first-time visitors at emergency food sites. Furthermore, fifty-three percent of those interviewed for this report indicated that they had asked for food at emergency food agencies eleven or more times within the past 12 months. This trend toward increasing reliance upon these agencies is especially disturbing when it is clear that young children are the primary recipients of these food supplies and meals.

Overall, three in four (74 percent) of those surveyed reported multiple visits to emergency food agencies during the preceeding twelve months. This compares with only 45 percent of those surveyed five years ago.

Inadequate access to balanced nutritious food is likely to contribute to poor health. And this condition occurs frequently for significant numbers of Sacramentans.

Of the people surveyed 57 percent reported that they (or a member of their family) had received medical treatment within the past year for a condition such as anemia, obesity, low birth weight, or tooth and gum disease, all conditions which are frequently related to inadequate nutrition. One-third (36 percent) of the parents reported that their children sometimes go to bed without supper because there is not enough food. Additionally, two out of five (39 percent) of the adults surveyed indicated that they themselves sometimes go to bed without eating dinner because there is not enough to eat. And, two in three (69 percent) of the parents surveyed indicated that they sometimes go to bed without food so that their children can eat.

In general, half (54 percent) of those surveyed indicated that they often or sometimes are unsure of where or how they will qet their next meal.

Survey respondents offer suggestions about ending local hunger...

• "Get organizations together to donate food."
• "Make sure the ones getting the food really need it."
• "Provide more jobs."
• "Language barriers prevent good paying jobs, and result in hunger."
• "More volunteers are needed."
• "Help Americans first."
• "Provide more fair and affordable housing."
• "Offer drug treatment intervention programs, not just food."
• "Facilities could be better organized."
• "Increase food stamp allotments."
• "Increase general assistance benefits."
• "Use food that's now being thrown away."

Information Provided By Emergency Food Assistance Agencies

Emergency food agencies are providing ever-expanding services in our community.

In the original Hunger Hits Home report, a total of 32 agencies responded to a survey about the emergency food services they provided. These thirty-two agencies included food closets and soup kitchens, i.e. nonprofit dining rooms. According to the data collected at that time, "In 1988 over 79,000 people received emergency food bags each month. "* In contrast, the Sacramento Food Bank alone, which operates seven food closets throughout the county, reported serving 77,000 people during the month of October
1991. In other words, these seven closets were meeting the level of demand made upon the entire Sacramento food closet community just five years ago.

Furthermore, the Sacramento Food Bank documented serving approximately 43,000 people during the same month the previous year, October 1990. This represents an increase in service of approximately 80 percent.

According to reports made by other food providers, most agencies are experiencing similar increases in demand for emergency food services. In fact, for many agencies current demand has risen over 30 percent since last year. For example, Central Downtown Food Closet (CDFC) reported a 150 percent increase in the number of people served in October 1991, compared to October 1990. CDFC provided bags of food to 16,000 people in October 1990 and one year later provided groceries to 40,000 people.

Centro Guadalupe Food Closet, which targets its services to Hispanics but serves anyone within the 95814 Zip Code area, presented data documenting a 38 percent increase in service over last year. In May 1990 Centro Guadalupe served 6,867 people; by May 1991 the number of people served at their food closet had jumped to 9,495.

Carmichael Presbyterian Church Food Closet reported a 47 percent increase in the numbers of people served, from 693 in May 1990 to 1,057 served in May 1991.

Hunger Hits Home also pointed out that five years ago more than 58,000 hot meals were served per month in Sacramento's soup kitchens. Today the lines at these agencies are much longer. For example, two agencies alone are now reporting an average of 54,000 meals served each month, nearly meeting the 1987 rate for all soup kitchens.

In the spring of 1991 Hunger commission researchers surveyed twelve shelters and soup kitchens which operate meals programs in our community. These programs reported serving a total of approximately 97,000 meals per month, reflecting a 60 percent increase in demand for these meals since five years ago.

In addition there were five shelters or soup kitchens which were able to provide estimates of the number of children served meals by their agencies. Their statistics indicate that approximately one in five (19 percent) of the people served at these five sites were children.

Unfortunately, available resources are beinq overwhelmed by the rapidly risinq demand for emerqency food assistance.

Over the past year a number of agencies reported changes in their service systems and a reduction in service. All who have done so cite inadequate resources as the cause of their cutbacks. For example, Central Downtown Food Closet now opens only four days per week instead of five. The Sacramento Food Bank recently adopted a Zip Code-based service system and is asking clients to voluntarily restrict their requests for food to only one closet within the Food Bank system. And Episcopal Community Services, unable to meet the increasing demand, was forced to respond to limit each person served to six times per year.

Emergency food providers express concern about the growing demands on their agencies.

Sacramento's Emergency Food consortium, an informal network of local agencies which provide services for hungry people, is currently developing a position paper which outlines the impact of the growth in demand on their programs. Their paper will discuss the effects of rising unemployment and recent and proposed reductions in public assistance benefits upon their agencies' abilities to fill the emergency food needs of this community.

Other communities across the country are reporting a phenomenon called "donor fatigue," which seems to reflect a growing belief that the hunger problem is just too big to handle. Fortunately, food and cash donations to anti-hunger programs in Sacramento have continued to increase, although not at the same pace as the demand. However, local providers are concerned that the "donor fatigue syndrome" may yet arrive in Sacramento.

Summaries of Current Local Status of Selected Federal Food Programs

Overview

Almost all of the federally-subsidized food programs available to address hunger in Sacramento are underutilized. And, for each program there are unique barriers to expansion of local participation. This section of the report presents the most recent participation data available for the selected programs under
discussion. Also, this section highlights some of the barriers to expansion for each program, as well as describing local efforts underway to remove these barriers.

Within the past year the Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission has published four position papers related to specific federal food programs and their local status. These papers discuss the Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC); the School Meals Programs (with special emphasis on the School Breakfast program); the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP); and, the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP). Copies of each of these position papers are available at the Community Services Planning Council office.

Program Analyses

Subtitle The supplemental Food Proqram for women, Infants and Children (WIC) should be expanded and made available to all eliqible clients.

WIC is a federal food program which has long-term demonstrated effectiveness as a nutrition program. WIC has been shown to prevent low birth weights, reduce pre-term births and fetal deaths, improve nutritional food intake and expand use of prenatal care by at-risk pregnant women. Yet despite this evidence of effectiveness, WIC is not yet funded as an entitlement program through the federal government. This means that a significant number of women and children eligible for WIC benefits can not be served by the program. In fact, only the highest risk groups receive WIC food vouchers in Sacramento County at this time.

Administered nationally by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and statewide by the California Department of Health Services, there are two local agencies which provide WIC services, the County Health Department and the YWCA. Currently the total combined WIC caseload for both local providers is 10,850. This represents 23% of the local eligible population of 47,000, as estimated by the state in its current "WIC Affirmative Action Plan". The current estimate of eligible WIC clients (47,000) is much higher than the 1989-90 state estimate for Sacramento County, which estimated 39,000 local women and children were eligible for WIC at that time.

The YWCA is currently serving 4,000 clients, or 37 percent of Sacramento county's total WIC caseload. The County Health Department serves the remaining 6,850 clients, or 63 percent of the local WIC caseload. The YWCA reports a six week waiting period for new enrollment appointments, while the county WIC provider estimates a seven week wait for enrollment appointments.

In response to this waiting period, and to make WIC benefits more rapidly available to at-risk pregnant women (the highest priority group for WIC services), the YWCA will be revising its enrollment criteria in May 1992. At that time, new enrollments of children will be restricted to those up to 13 months rather than the current 15 months.

The local WIC agencies believe that their outreach efforts are successful, since more pregnant women are requesting WIC services, and they are asking for help earlier in their pregnancies. Unfortunately, because WIC is not able to serve all eligible applicants, and until WIC becomes an entitlement program, many nutritionally at-risk pregnant women and children will not be served.

Program Review

The Summer Food service Proqram (SFSP), despite recent qains locally, is still severely underutilized by Sacramento' s children.

The SFSP is a federal child nutrition program managed at the national level by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Unlike many other states, where the state Departments of Education manage the SFSP, in California, the USDA manages and monitors the program directly through local sponsors.

SFSP provides free meals to any child 18 and under, but service sites are selected within neighborhoods that have high concentrations of low-income families. Therefore, SFSP is targeted to children living at or below poverty levels.

Locally the largest sponsor of the SFSP is the City of Sacramento. Through its Department of Parks and Community Services Office of Human Services the City has achieved relative success in recent years in expanding access to summer lunches and snacks.

For example, during the summer of 1991 the city's SFSP sponsor increased participation over the summer of 1990, serving 33 percent more lunches and 109 percent more nutritious snacks. The chart below illustrates the results of the city's planned efforts to expand access to SFSP meals and snacks:

In part because of this successful expansion of local participation in the SFSP, the city projects a total federal reimbursement of $232,898 for the meals and snacks served during the summer of 1991.

Despite these achievements, however, many of Sacramento's hungry children do not have access to these free summertime meals and snacks. According to the city's SFSP coordinator, their program served only 7.1 percent of the county's children who qualified for free or reduced-price school lunches during the 1990-91 school year. Continued efforts are needed for expanding accessability to the nutritious summertime meals and snacks provided by SFSP.

Program Review

The School Breakfast Program is an underutilized resource against childhood hunger in our community.

According to the most recent information available from the California Department of Education, Sacramento county's schools were much less likely to offer a school breakfast to their students than they were a lunch during the 1990-91 school year. While almost 16,235,000 school lunches were served to Sacramento's children that year, only 4,635,106 breakfasts were served during the same period.

This discrepancy is siqnificant, since statistics show that it is predominantly low-income children who benefit from the school breakfast program. For example, 66 percent of all lunches served in Sacramento's schools during 1990-91 went to limited-income students. In contrast, 97 percent of the students who received a school breakfast in Sacramento County during that same period were from limited-income families. While some of this discrepency can be explained by the fact that school breakfast is only being offered locally in schools which have over 50 percent of their enrollment eliqible for free or reduced price meals, the variation is so significant as to warrant further investigation.

According to information provided by the california Department of Education, there were as of october 1990 more than 30 schools within Sacramento County, which had 40 percent or more of their enrolled students eligible for free or reduced price school meals, yet they were not offering a school breakfast program. Fourteen of these schools had more than 50 percent of their enrolled students living in limited-income families.

An extensive study conducted in Boston, Massachusetts has documented that provision of a school breakfast program can result in significant improvement in standardized test scores and reduction in tardiness and absenteeism. Local school officials have long recognized that a hungry child has a reduced capacity to learn. In schools with no federal breakfast program, principals will often send hungry children to the cafeteria for a snack in the morning. At least one local principal routinely secures food donations from community resources to provide breakfast to the hungry students of the school. This particular district does not operate a breakfast program at any of its sites.

Sacramento's rising unemployment rate and the freezing of public assistance benefits may be contributing factors to increasing demand for school meals. The Sacramento City Unified School District, for example, reports that they are serving 10 percent more lunches during 1991-92 than they served on the average during the last school year. Providing school breakfasts, in addition to school lunches, for our hungqry children is an available resource which Sacramento schools should utilize more extensively.

Program Review

The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) is underutilized in Sacramento county.

The CACFP is desiqned to ensure the availability of nutritious meals for children up to age 12 in child care settings and to the elderly and/or certain adult handicapped individuals who participate in a nonprofit, licensed or approved nonresidential adult day care program. At the federal level the CACFP is administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service. The California Department of Education (CDE) manages the program on the state level. According to data provided by the CDE, there were 30 sponsors of the CACFP for children and one sponsor for adults in Sacramento County in April 1991.

In the spring of 1991 the Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission distributed surveys to these thirty-one aqencies. Ten responded with information about daily attendance figures and numbers of meals served during a recent month (see Appendix A). Community Child Care, Inc. is a local umbrella sponsor for CACFP, and administered the food program for 838 family day care homes and 5 local child care centers, as of March 1991. According to this large local sponsor, during the month of March 1991 the agencies
they support served 59,841 breakfasts, 71,128 lunches, 92,322 snacks, and 9,956 dinners for a total of 233,237 meals/snacks in one month.

The other CACFP sponsors reported monthly service f igures, but the months chosen ranged from March through May 1991. An agregate monthly total for these agencies would represent approximately 8,073 breakfasts, 11,436 lunches, 8,373 snacks, and 3,131 dinners for a total of 31,013 meals served among all nine agencies.

Despite these large service figures the CACFP is underutilized locally. According to Child Action, Inc., in March 1991 there were a total of 2,102 licensed family day care homes and child care centers in Sacramento County. With only 853 area providers participating in the CACFP, there is definitely room for expansion in this program locally. Outreach to child care providers not yet participating in the CACFP is needed.

Successful Steps to Fight Hunger in Sacramento:

A Progress Report of the Hunger Commission
April 1992

The Sacramento City/County Hunger Commission was established by the Sacramento City Council and County Board of Supervisors in 1990 to coordinate community-wide activities which address local hunger and inadequate food access. The City and the County contract with the community Services Planning Council to provide staff services to the Hunger Commission.

Initial funding for the Commission was equally provided by the city and the county, through their respective departments of Parks and Community Services and Social Services. The membership of the Hunger Commission includes representatives from emergency food agencies, local managers of federal food programs, business associations such as Chambers of Commerce and the California Restaurant Association, several city and county government departments, and community volunteers. Commission members are
currently appointed by the Chairperson.

Stable funding for the Hunger Commission has been difficult to attain. Despite this, the diverse representation on the Hunger Commission has enabled achievement of many significant results, some of which are outlined below:

Mobilizing Resources

• Established Generous Helping, a clearinghouse program which has assisted fifteen food donors (e.g. EatYourVegetables Restaurants, Sutter Memorial and Sutter General Hospitals, Biba's Restaurant, and Bel Air Markets' Catering) to donate more than 4,000 pounds of unserved prepared food to seven
  nonprofit agencies including WEAVE, Hope House, Volunteers Of America, and Sacramento Area Emergency Housing since September 1991. This type of food would have been thrown away before the
  Generous Helping Project was implemented by the Hunger Commission. outreach to more agencies and donors is an ongoing process.
• Secured four subsidized, full-time VISTA volunteer positions from the federal government. Over the course of a three year agreement (February 1991 through approximately January 1994) with the federal ACTION Agency, these VISTA positions will represent an in-kind contribution equivalent of more than $365,000 in salaries and fringe benefits.
• Under the direct supervision of the program manager of the Hunger Commission, the VISTA volunteers have initiated Generous Helping as well as an innovative client self-sufficiency project located at three emergency food sites.
• Coordinated a food handlers' sanitation class targeted to emergency food and shelter staff people. Taught by an instructor from Cosumnes River College, the course is endorsed by the County Environmental Health Division and was offered as a first step in informing nonprofit food providers about health and sanitation codes with which the majority of these programs are currently unfamiliar. Underwriting was secured for this course from a local restaurateur.
• Secured a $5,000 grant from Pacific Bell and expanded a computerized client data base operated by the Sacramento Food Bank from seven to nine community food closet sites.
• Established an agreement with Cosumnes River College (CRC) to provide an instructor for the food services training component of the Sacramento Area community Kitchen (SACK) Project, which will utilize donated leftovers from food industries to produce meals to be distributed through existing emergency food and shelter programs. CRC is also providing the SACK kitchen site at minimal cost to the community.

Expanding Federal Food Program Access

• Facilitated a first-ever peer group meeting of area Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) administrators, resulting in increased collaboration between the service providers.
• Contributed to a 33 percent increase in local participation by children in the county-wide Summer Food Service Program (operated by the City) in 1991 compared to 1990. The Hunger Commission provided technical assistance in marketinq SFSP.
• Contacted school boards throuqhout Sacramento county and described their status in offering the School Breakfast Program at sites with large numbers of limited income children. This resulted in the expansion of the breakfast program into two additional sites within the Folsom Cordova School District.

Interprogram Coordination

• Developed a mapping overlay system that relates high concentrations of public assistance recipients to locations of 34 food closets. This has been used by the Emergency Food Consortium to plan expansion to new service sites and by the county Department of Social Services to review locations of food stamp outlets.
• Incorporated client self-sufficiency activities into the operations of three emergency food sites by arranging for on-site delivery of support services by other agencies.

Appendix A

Child and Adult Care Food Program
1991 Survey Respondents List

• ASI Children's Center (April 1991: 350 ADA)
  1,215 breakfasts; 2,964 lunches; 3,456 snacks; 1,184 dinners
• Community Child Care, Inc. (March 1991: 4593 ADA)
  59,841 brkfsts; 71,128 lunches; 92,322 snacks; 9,956 dinners
• Elk Grove Unified School District (April 1991: 94 ADA)
  1,276 brkfst; 1,847 lunches; 696 snacks; 0 dinners
• Good Neighbor's Club of Del Paso Heights (April 1991: 22 ADA)
  215 brkfst; 473 lunches; 307 snacks; 0 dinners
• Grace Day Home, Inc. (April 1991: 104 ADA)
  2,262 brkfst; 2,293 lunches; 2,274 snacks; 0 dinners
• Joyful Noise Pre-school (March 1991: 37 ADA)
  290 brkfst; 760 lunches; 489 snacks; 0 dinners
• Rainbow Daycare (April 1991: 50 ADA)
  847 brkfst; 1,125 lunches; 1,124 snacks; 0 dinners
• Robertson Adult Day Health Care Center (Apr.91: 49 ADA)
  0 brkfst; 1.068 lunches; 1,068 snacks; 0 dinners
• Shiloh Arms Daycare Center (April 1991: 27 ADA)
  27 brkfst; 27 lunches; 27 snacks; 0 dinners
• South Area Emergency Housing (May 1991: 74 ADA)

Appendix B

Emergency Shelter and Food Providers
List of those surveyed

The following agencies provided data which were used in the preparation of this report.:

[Top]